Question 1
Critics have waged an international campaign against ____ and have cited it as a cruel and inhumane practice that has lifelong physiological effects.
◦ male vasectomies
◦ male circumcision
◦ female mastectomies
◦ female circumcision
Question 2
Due to globalization, many cultural groups have minimized their use of puberty rituals for boys; however, in Africa the ritual of ____ is still maintained.
◦ the farmer
◦ the warrior
◦ public beatings
◦ public circumcision