When the goal is to increase avoidance responses (like keeping an animal away from the road), what kind of unconditioned stimulus (UCS) is used?
a) a novel UCS
b) a rewarding UCS
c) an unpleasant UCS
d) an extinguished UCS
Question 2
Although researchers do not classify disorders as related or not, stress may play differing roles in different disorders. What is the role of stress in people who have lifelong tendencies toward anxiety and depression?
a) In both cases, genetic factors play the dominant role with stress
playing little or no role in the etiology of the disorders.
b) People with these disorders tend to experience an intensification of
their symptoms when they confront stress-arousing challenges.
c) Most people with these disorders tend to roll with the punches when
confronted with stress because their symptoms are the primary focus of
their lives.
d) The effect varies with the disorder; stress tends to play a primary role in
causing depression and a primary role in intensifying the symptoms among
those who suffer from anxiety disorders.
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