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Vital signs (blood pressure, temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate) should be taken before any drug administration. Patients should be informed not to use tobacco or caffeine at least 30 minutes before their appointment.
Not getting enough sleep can greatly weaken the immune system. Lack of sleep makes you more likely to catch a cold, or more difficult to fight off an infection.
Dogs have been used in studies to detect various cancers in human subjects. They have been trained to sniff breath samples from humans that were collected by having them breathe into special tubes. These people included 55 lung cancer patients, 31 breast cancer patients, and 83 cancer-free patients. The dogs detected 54 of the 55 lung cancer patients as having cancer, detected 28 of the 31 breast cancer patients, and gave only three false-positive results (detecting cancer in people who didn't have it).
Bacteria have flourished on the earth for over three billion years. They were the first life forms on the planet.
Though the United States has largely rejected the metric system, it is used for currency, as in 100 pennies = 1 dollar. Previously, the British currency system was used, with measurements such as 12 pence to the shilling, and 20 shillings to the pound.
![New England children like David, Joanna, and Abigail Mason (painted by an unknown artist around 1670](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_374628_15_08_15_11_48_07_222261695.jpeg)
![Dred Scott and his wife and children are featured on the cover of Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspap](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_375552_19_08_15_9_26_03_223392320.jpeg)