Answer to Question 1
Currently, treatment focuses on helping adults live as their chosen gender identity, maximizing their psychological and social adjustment. There are three phases to the intervention: living as the desired gender, hormone therapy, and sex reassignment surgery. Not every person who begins treatment completes the sex reassignment surgery phase.
In the first stage, the person lives in the new gender role for at least two years. The person dresses and socializes consistent with the desired gender role, allowing the person to examine how this change affects every aspect of life. This step is considered absolutely necessary for the treatment program. The second step is hormone therapy. Testosterone is given to biological females and estrogen to biological males, reducing unwanted secondary sex characteristics and leading to the secondary sexual characteristics of the preferred sex. The third and final phase is the actual surgery. For males transitioning to females, this includes surgical removal of the penis and the creation of a clitoris, labia, and artificial vagina. For females transitioning to males, it includes removal of the breasts, vagina, and uterus and the formation of a scrotum, testicular prostheses and the creation of a neophallus (an artificial penis). The goal is to try to preserve sexual functioning in order to achieve optimal quality of life.
Answer to Question 2
TRUE
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