Aldo is asked to estimate whether more words in a best-selling novel end in "ing" (---ing) or have "n" as the second to last letter (----n-). He rattles off a long list of words for the first category-running, jumping, skiing, climbing, asking, telling, singing, sobbing-but can think of only a much shorter list for the second category-sink, drink, ring. Aldo therefore estimates that words ending in "ing" are more common. In reality, all words that end in "ing" also have "n" as the second-to-last letter, meaning the second group is much larger. What swayed Aldo's decision making?
◦ He used social categorization; "action" verbs are more likely to be used in a best-selling novel.
◦ He was influenced by embodied cognition; he was holding his textbook as he made his decisions.
◦ He was tricked by attributional biases; he assumed most authors would write in a certain style that utilized "ing" endings.
◦ He relied on the availability heuristic; he could more easily recall "ing" endings so he judged it to be more likely.
Functional MRI Scans These scans of human brains show localized average increases in neural activity
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