Cloning animals by nuclear implantation involves all of the following except?
◦ removal of somatic cells and extraction of a diploid donor nucleus from the animal to be cloned
◦ removal of an egg cell, extraction of the nucleus, and injection of the diploid donor nucleus
◦ fertilization of the cell egg with a sperm cell followed by implantation in a surrogate mother
◦ induction of cell division and implantation of blastocyst in the surrogate mother
◦ a low frequency of success likely due to variations in the completeness of epigenetic programming of the somatic cell nucleus