Answer to Question 1
Possible reasons are that married women (as compared to married men): (1) do a disproportional amount of housework and childcare (work that can add more stress), (2) are more likely to give than receive spousal informational support (e.g., recommendations, advice, etc.) that shapes good health behavior, and (3) are less likely to depend on their spouse as their only confidant and therefore need him less to meet all their social support needsthe spouse as sole confidant was reported by 15 of wives and 40 of husbands in a study by Harrison, Maguire, and Pitceathly (1995).
Answer to Question 2
Social strain (Rook, 1990) refers to social interactions within a network of social relationships that are a source of stress because they drain resources or provide assistance in an unhelpful manner. Social strain includes relationships that are characterized by high conflict, hostility, negative emotions, or excessive burdens.
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