Answer to Question 1
Many groups have hierarchies, with members differing in their rank within the group. This rank is their status. Sometimes it is an official position, as in the case of the president, and sometimes it is not so explicit and instead is simply the old-timers in a group who are accorded higher status compared to newcomers. People are often extremely sensitive to their status within a group because it is linked to a wide range of desirable outcomeseverything from respect and deference from other group members to material benefits such as salary received.
Answer to Question 2
Both common-bond groups and common-identity groups share the fact that they involve people who believe themselves to part of a coherent unit that they see as different from another group. However, they differ in important ways. Common-bond groups tend to involve face-to-face interaction among members, and the individuals in the group are bonded to each other. An example of a common-bond group would be the players on a sports team. Common-identity groups, on the other hand, contain members who are linked via the category as a whole rather than to each other, and face-to-face interaction is often absent. An example of a common-identity group would be all people who claim a particular country as their birthplace.
A group of capped langurs.
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