Author Question: A nurse has noted the high incidence of urinary tract obstructions of a variety of etiologies. Which ... (Read 40 times)

cherise1989 · **on:** Jun 25, 2018

A nurse has noted the high incidence of urinary tract obstructions of a variety of etiologies. Which of the following individuals are at risk of developing urinary obstructions? Select all that apply.

A)
A 43-year-old male with an acid-base imbalance secondary to malnutrition
B)
A 29-year-old female, pregnant for the first time
C)
A 69-year-old female with anemia secondary to insufficient erythropoietin production
D)
A 70-year-old male with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
E)
A 58-year-old male with renal calculi
F)
A 28-year-old male with a neurogenic bladder secondary to spinal cord injury

Question 2

While explaining to a group of nursing students what the function of the first mucosal layer of the lower two thirds of the esophagus, the pathophysiology instructor mentions which of the following functions? Select all that apply.

A)
Secretion of mucus to lubricate and protect the inner surface of the alimentary canal
B)
Smooth muscle cells that facilitate movement of contents of the GI tract
C)
Holding the organs in place and storage of fats
D)
Barrier to prevent the entry of pathogenic organisms
E)
A cushioning to protect against injury from sports or car accidents

billybob123 · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 25, 2018

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
B, D, E, F

Feedback:

Pregnancy, BPH, renal calculi, and neurogenic bladder are all identified contributors to urinary obstructions. Acid-base imbalances and impaired erythropoietin production are health problems with renal involvement but are less likely to contribute to urinary obstruction.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
A, D

Feedback:

The first layer performs numerous functions. These include production of mucus that lubricates and protects the inner surface of the alimentary canal; secretion of digestive enzymes and substances that break down food; absorption of the breakdown products of digestion; and maintenance of a barrier to prevent the entry of noxious substances and pathogenic organism. The facilitation of movement of contents of the GI tract occurs in the third layer while holding the organs in place, and storage of fats occurs in the fourth layer.