What differences have been observed in the writing of men and ...

[Sufayan.ah]

What differences have been observed in the writing of men and women?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

Who was Nim Chimpsky and what did he contribute to our understanding of language?
 
  What will be an ideal response?

[scottmt]

Answer to Question 1

Gender differences in written language also have been observed. For example, a study that analyzed more than 14,000 text files from 70 separate studies found that women used more words that were related to psychological and social processes, whereas men related more to object properties and impersonal topics. On web forums, too, women are more likely to express their emotions, both positive and negative. These findings, however, are not conclusive. A study examining blogs noted that the type of blog, more than the gender of the author, dictated the writing style.

Answer to Question 2

A less positive view of the linguistic capabilities of chimpanzees was taken by Herbert Terrace, who raised a chimp named Nim Chimpsky, a takeoff on Noam Chomsky, the eminent linguist. Over the course of several years, Nim made more than 19,000 multiple-sign utterances in a slightly modified version of American Sign Language. Most of his utterances consisted of two-word combinations. Terrace's careful analysis of these utterances, however, revealed that most of them were repetitions of what Nim had seen. Terrace concluded that, despite what appeared to be impressive accomplishments, Nim did not show even the rudiments of syntactical expression. The chimp could produce single- or even multiple-word utterances, but not in a syntactically organized way. For example, Nim would alternate signing, Give Nim banana, Banana give Nim, and Banana Nim give, showing no preference for the grammatically correct form. Moreover, Terrace also studied films showing other chimpanzees supposedly producing language. He came to the same conclusion for them that he had reached for Nim. His position, then, is that although chimpanzees can understand and produce utterances, they do not have linguistic competence in the same sense that even very young humans do. Their communications lack structure, and particularly multiplicity of structure. At this point, we just cannot be sure whether chimps truly show the full range of language abilities.

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