Answer to Question 1
Correct Answer: 2
Rationale 1: Ascending UTIs are those that travel from the urethra to the bladder or the kidney.
Rationale 2: A hematogenous infection is caused by pathogens traveling through the blood.
Rationale 3: Retrograde, or ascending, UTIs travel from the urethra to the bladder or the kidney.
Rationale 4: Against the flow refers to the difficulty that uropathogens have in reaching beyond the proximal portion of the urethra. It is a protection against UTIs.
Global Rationale: A hematogenous infection is caused by pathogens traveling through the blood. Retrograde, or ascending, UTIs travel from the urethra to the bladder or the kidney. Against the flow refers to the difficulty that uropathogens have in reaching beyond the proximal portion of the urethra. It is a protection against UTIs.
Answer to Question 2
Correct Answer: 1,2,3,5
Rationale 1: Vomiting is a symptom that often accompanies pyelonephritis.
Rationale 2: Fever is a symptom that often accompanies pyelonephritis.
Rationale 3: Flank tenderness is often a symptom of pyelonephritis.
Rationale 4: Photophobia is not a symptom of pyelonephritis. This symptom often accompanies migraines.
Rationale 5: Painful urination is often a symptom of pyelonephritis.
Global Rationale: Assessment findings of pyelonephritis often include vomiting, fever, flank tenderness, and painful urination. Photophobia is not an expected finding.
The nurse uses a noninvasive bladder ultrasound to measure the client’s bladder volume.
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Positioning of client