Question 1
What was primarily responsible for the centralization of the church during the twelfth century?
a. the diligent efforts of capable bishops
b. an efficient and well-organized papal curia
c. the influence of the monastic orders
d. a series of autocratic but efficient popes
e. weak kings and emperors throughout Europe
Question 2
Classical humanism differed from the Judeo-Christian tradition because it
a. saw life's purpose as the attainment of excellence in this world through the full development of human potential.
b. rejected the Christian ideal of the isolated and contemplative monk.
c. rejected the view of human nature as fundamentally sinful and the body as unclean.
d. held that there is no authority higher than reason.
e. all of the above