Answer to Question 1
b
Answer to Question 2
Obedience orientation (Stage 1): moral reasoning is based on the belief that adults know what is right and what is wrong. Instrumental orientation (Stage 2): moral reasoning is based on the aim of looking out for one's needs. Interpersonal norms (Stage 3): moral reasoning is based on winning the approval of others. Social system morality (Stage 4): moral reasoning is based on maintenance of order in society. Social contract (Stage 5): moral reasoning is based on the belief that laws are for the good of all members of society. Universal ethical principles (Stage 6): moral reasoning is based on moral principles that apply to all.
