Answer to Question 1
F
Answer to Question 2
Despite the fact that surveys and questionnaires are the most common means of obtaining social science data, there are some inherent problems with their use. In the physical sciences, the units of measurement are very precise, but in social science research, we must depend on human beings to provide informationwhich is subjectiveon their feelings and behaviors. Response bias may occur when researchers rely on individuals' self-reports. Researchers must take care when empirically defining these concepts to ensure that responses are valid. Validity speaks to the extent that a researcher is able to provide an empirical definition that reflects the true meaning of what is being studied. The validity of survey research is often criticized because the questions may not really measure what the researchers claim they are measuring. In a sense, what happens is the researcher strains to provide an empirical definition that (ideally) accurately represents a construct, and then the research participant is asked to fit that behavior or emotion to a predetermined scale that may or may not reflect how the respondent wants to answer.
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