Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
Pernicious anemia can develop because the damage to the mucosa makes the intrinsic factor less available to facilitate vitamin B12 absorption in the ileum. None of the other options would result from this damage.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: D
Regurgitation, dysphagia, and epigastric discomfort after eating are common in individuals with hiatal hernia. Pyloric stenosis is manifested by projectile vomiting. Gastric cancer is not mani-fested by heartburn. Achalasia is a form of functional dysphagia caused by loss of esophageal innervation.