Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
The bone marrow in aplastic anemia is hypocellular, containing primarily fat cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Cytopenias exist in the peripheral blood, but cell morphology is normal and no immature cells are present. The myelodysplastic syndromes, in general, have a hyperplastic bone marrow but cytopenia (or cytopenias) in peripheral blood. These two findings can also be seen in acute leukemia and both vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: D
Secondary (or therapy related) myelodysplastic syndrome occurs after chemotherapy and radiation treatment for cancer.