The 2D echocardiogram shows that J.M.'s left ventricular ejection ...

[futuristic]

The 2D echocardiogram shows that J.M.'s left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) is 49.
 
  Explain what this test results mean with regard to J.M.'s heart function.

Question 2

This is J.M.'s first episode of significant HF. Before he leaves the clinic, you want to teach him about lifestyle modifications he can make and monitoring techniques he can use to prevent or minimize future problems.
 
  List five suggestions you might make and the rationale for each.

[kilada]

Answer to Question 1

The ejection fraction refers to the amount of blood that is pumped out of the heart's ventricle with
each heartbeat and is measured as a percentage. EF is generally measured only in the left ventricle
(LV). An LV EF of 55 or higher is considered within normal range. J.M.'s EF is decreased and reflects
the weakening of his heart muscle as a result of the HF.

Answer to Question 2

 Gradually increase and pace your activities to decrease the work requirements and oxygen
demand of the heart.
 Minimize stress to reduce sympathetic nervous system response to increased workload of the
heart.
 Avoid hot or cold environments; both increase cardiac demand.
 Learn to take your pulse, and call your physician if your pulse is less than 50 beats/min, greater
than 100 beats/min, or very irregular. Very slow, very rapid, or irregular heart rates can
exacerbate HF.