A condition that increases risk of breast cancer in a male is: ...

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A condition that increases risk of breast cancer in a male is:
 
  A. Pseudogynecomastia
  B. BRCA1 and 2
  C. Klinefelter's syndrome
  D. B and C

Question 2

Your patient is a 36-year-old woman who complains of milky discharge from both her breasts, episodes of headache, and menstrual irregularity. The patient is on no medications.
 
  Upon examination, there are no significant findings, and the patient is not pregnant, breastfeeding, or in the postpartum period. It is important to:
  A. Order prolactin level
  B. Obtain an MRI of head
  C. Have the patient keep a menstrual cycle diary
  D. Refer the patient for mammogram

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
It is anticipated that over 2,000 new cases of male breast cancer will be diagnosed in 2013, with over 400 related deaths (ACS 2013). Men develop the same types of breast cancer as women. Therefore, it is important to include malignancy in the differential diagnosis when a man complains of breast enlargement. Factors that increase the risk of breast cancer in men include a previous history of breast or testicular disease and Klinefelter's syndrome. A history of gynecomastia is not associated with an increased risk for breast cancer.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
Galactorrhea can be a symptom of endocrine disorder, particularly pituitary dysfunction. In prolactinoma of the pituitary, a patient complains of galactorrhea, headaches, vision change, relative infertility, and amenorrhea. Laboratory studies should include a pregnancy test, prolactin level, and thyroid functions.

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Gracias!

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