Answer to Question 1
B
Observe for blood return through the flashback chamber of the catheter or the tubing of the winged cannula, indicating that the bevel of the needle has entered the vein. Lower the needle until almost flush with the skin. Advance the catheter another to inch into the vein, and then loosen the stylet site on the ONC. Only after the catheter is advanced and is in its final position is the catheter stabilized with one hand while the tourniquet is released. Only after the blood and the needle are observed to advance another to inch into the vein is the stylet loosened. At that point, continue to hold the skin taut, and advance the catheter into the vein until the hub rests at the venipuncture site.
Answer to Question 2
A
Observe the water seal for intermittent bubbling from its U tube or for a rise and fall of fluid that is synchronous with respirations. (For example, in a nonmechanically ventilated patient, the fluid rises during inspiration, and the fluid level falls during expiration. When a patient is on a mechanical ventilator, the opposite occurs.) In a nonmechanically ventilated patient, the fluid rises during inspiration, and the fluid level falls during expiration. Constant bubbling in the water seal or a sudden, unexpected stoppage of water-seal activity is considered abnormal and requires immediate attention. After 2 to 3 days, tidaling or bubbling on expiration is expected to stop, indicating that the lung has reexpanded.
A fixed action pattern as an example of innate behaviour.
A proposed pathway for the action of the E. coli chaperonins GroEL
Mechanism of Action of Lipid-Lowering Drugs
Urological instruments: needle holder.
Summary of Drug Action: Common Routes of Administration
Mechanisms of Hormone Action