Downward displacement of the hemispheres, basal ganglia, and ...

[Medesa]

Downward displacement of the hemispheres, basal ganglia, and diencephalon through the tentorial notch is indicative of
 
  a. central herniation.
  b. uncal herniation.
  c. cingulate herniation.
  d. infratentorial herniation.

Question 2

The most serious complication of lumbar puncture in a critically ill patient is
 
  a. bacterial meningitis.
  b. dural tear.
  c. brainstem herniation.
  d. spinal cord trauma.

[olderstudent]

Answer to Question 1

A
These effects are indicative of central herniation from an expanding mass lesion of the midline, frontal, parietal, or occipital lobes. In uncal herniation, a unilateral, expanding mass lesion, usually of the temporal lobe, increases intracranial pressure, causing lateral displacement of the tip of the temporal lobe (uncus). Cingulate herniation occurs when an expanding lesion of one hemisphere shifts laterally and forces the cingulate gyrus under the falx cerebri. The two infratentorial herniation syndromes are upward transtentorial herniation and downward cerebellar herniation.

Answer to Question 2

C
Two life-threatening risks associated with lumbar puncture include possible brainstem herniation, if intracranial pressure is elevated, and respiratory arrest associated with neurologic deterioration.

[Medesa]

TYSM

[Joy Chen]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it