Which of the following laboratory studies or diagnostic ...

[kodithompson]

Which of the following laboratory studies or diagnostic procedures is most useful in identifying central diabetes insipidus (DI)?
 
  a. Skull radiographs
  b. Serum glucose level
  c. Water deprivation test
  d. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) stimulation test

Question 2

The most common site for short-term vascular access for immediate hemodialysis is the
 
  a. subclavian artery.
  b. subclavian vein.
  c. femoral artery.
  d. radial vein.

[flannelavenger]

Answer to Question 1

D
Serum antidiuretic hormone ADH levels are compared with the blood and urine osmolality to differentiate syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) from central diabetes insipidus (DI). Increased ADH levels in the bloodstream compared with a low serum osmolality and elevated urine osmolality confirms the diagnosis of SIADH. Reduced levels of serum ADH in a patient with high serum osmolality, hypernatremia, and reduced urine concentration signal central DI.

Answer to Question 2

B
Subclavian and femoral veins are catheterized when short-term access is required or when a graft or fistula vascular access is nonfunctional in a patient requiring immediate hemodialysis. Subclavian and femoral catheters are routinely inserted at the bedside. Most temporary catheters are venous lines only. Blood flows out toward the dialyzer and flows back to the patient through the same catheterized vein. A dual-lumen venous catheter is most commonly used.