Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
Shock leads to decreased renal perfusion. An elevated BUN accompanies this condition. The creatinine should be normal because no kidney damage occurred. A low BUN signifies overhydration, malnutrition, or liver damage. A low BUN/creatinine ratio indicates fluid volume excess or acute renal tubular acidosis.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
Renin is secreted when special cells in the distal convoluted tubule, called the macula densa, sense changes in blood volume and pressure. When the macula densa cells sense that blood volume, blood pressure, or blood sodium levels are low, renin is secreted. Renin then converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. This leads to a series of reactions that cause secretion of the hormone aldosterone. This hormone increases kidney reabsorption of sodium and water, increasing blood pressure, blood volume, and blood sodium levels. Inappropriate or excessive renin secretion is a major cause of persistent hypertension. Renin has no impact on Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, or viral hepatitis.
The nurse conducts the health history as the first step in the nursing assessment
Laboratory log
Cyanosis as shown here at the patient’s fingertips results from a lack of oxygen in the tissues
The early diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction (MI)
Results of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to detect SNPs
Laboratory-Produced Protocells