Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
Shock leads to decreased renal perfusion. An elevated BUN accompanies this condition. The creatinine should be normal because no kidney damage occurred. A low BUN signifies overhydration, malnutrition, or liver damage. A low BUN/creatinine ratio indicates fluid volume excess or acute renal tubular acidosis.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
Renin is secreted when special cells in the distal convoluted tubule, called the macula densa, sense changes in blood volume and pressure. When the macula densa cells sense that blood volume, blood pressure, or blood sodium levels are low, renin is secreted. Renin then converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I. This leads to a series of reactions that cause secretion of the hormone aldosterone. This hormone increases kidney reabsorption of sodium and water, increasing blood pressure, blood volume, and blood sodium levels. Inappropriate or excessive renin secretion is a major cause of persistent hypertension. Renin has no impact on Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, or viral hepatitis.
Blue whale skeleton, outside the Long Marine Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Cruz
B, The nurse teaches the postoperative client to use an incentive spirometer to expand the lungs.
Results from sequential study of two cohorts tested at three ages and at three different points in t
Cyanosis as shown here at the patient’s fingertips results from a lack of oxygen in the tissues
a) Preload is the degree to which the ventricles are filled with blood and the myocardial fibers are ...
Positioning of client