A patient at 32 weeks' gestation comes to the clinic with urinary ...

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A patient at 32 weeks' gestation comes to the clinic with urinary burning and frequency.
 
  The nurse explains that urinary tract infections are common in pregnancy due to: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply. 1. Ureteral atonia.
  2. Stasis of urine.
  3. Increased glomerular filtration rate.
  4. Excretion of amino acids.
  5. Increased clearance of urea.

Question 2

The nurse in the prenatal clinic will tell the 38-weeks'-gestation patient to lie on her left side when the patient complains of: Note: Credit will be given only if all correct and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.
 
  1. Nausea.
  2. Pallor.
  3. Clamminess.
  4. Constipation.
  5. Dizziness.

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Answer to Question 1

1,2
Rationale 1: Ureteral atonia is a cause of urinary tract infections during pregnancy.
Rationale 2: The stasis of urine in the ureter during pregnancy is a cause of urinary tract infection.
Rationale 3: Glomerular filtration rate increases during pregnancy, but this does not cause urinary tract infection.
Rationale 4: The excretion of amino acids increases during pregnancy, but this does not cause urinary tract infections.
Rationale 5: An increased clearance of urea occurs in pregnancy, but this is not a cause of urinary tract infections.

Answer to Question 2

2,3,5
Rationale 1: Nausea is a symptom early in pregnancy, and will not be corrected by having the patient lie on her left side.
Rationale 2: Vena caval syndrome can cause pallor, which is relieved when the patient turns to lie on her left side.
Rationale 3: Vena caval syndrome can cause clamminess, which is relieved when the patient turns to lie on her left side.
Rationale 4: Constipation will not be corrected by having the patient lie on her left side.
Rationale 5: Vena caval syndrome can cause dizziness, which is relieved when the patient turns to lie on her left side.