Which of the following stated benefits of labour and birth in water is not true?
a. Warm water cradles, supports, relaxes, comforts and soothes, thereby reduces maternal anxiety.
b. There is less operative delivery and perineal trauma.
c. It increases the need for pharmacological pain relief.
d. It increases the feeling of being in control, which leads to a high degree of postnatal wellbeing.
Question 2
A retrospective casecontrol study by Otigbah and colleagues (2000) found that primigravidae having water births had shorter first- and second-stage labours compared with controls. The total reduction of time spent in labour was:
a. 90 minutes.
b. 70 minutes.
c. 60 minutes.
d. 50 minutes.
Lake position in the landscape and proportion of water received as groundwater (data from Webster et
Expected Benefits for ICD-10-CM
Water as Part of Body Fluids
Adverse birth circumstances
The enthalpy change for converting 10.0 g of ice at -25.0 C to water at 80.0 C is ________ kJ. ...