Observation of a fetal heart rate pattern indicates an increase ...

[jake]

Observation of a fetal heart rate pattern indicates an increase in heart rate from the prior baseline rate of 152 bpm. Which physiologic mechanisms would account for this situation?
 
  a. Inhibition of epinephrine
  b. Inhibition of norepinephrine
  c. Stimulation of the vagus nerve
  d. Sympathetic stimulation

Question 2

The nurse is preparing to perform a physical assessment on a 10-year-old girl. The nurse gives her the option of her mother staying in the room or leaving. This action should be considered which?
 
  a. Appropriate because of child's age
  b. Appropriate, but the mother may be uncomfortable
  c. Inappropriate because of child's age
  d. Inappropriate because child is same sex as mother

[Dunkey]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
Sympathetic nerve innervation would result in an increase in fetal heart rate. The release of epinephrine as a result of sympathetic innervation would lead to an increase in fetal heart rate. The release of norepinephrine as a result of sympathetic innervation would lead to an increase in fetal heart rate. Stimulation of the vagus nerve would indicate parasympathetic innervation and result in a decreased heart rate.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
It is appropriate to give older school-age children the option of having the parent present or not. During the examination, the nurse should respect the child's need for privacy. Children who are 10 years old are minors, and parents are responsible for health care decisions. The mother of a 10-year-old child would not be uncomfortable. The child should help determine who is present during the examination.