Answer to Question 1
The four methods of estimating validity are:
1 . constructunderstand ing the theoretical rationale underlying the obtained measure. (It can be estimated using convergent or discriminant validity. Convergent validity measures a construct with independent measurement techniques and looks for a high correlation among the measures. Discriminant validity involves demonstrating a lack of correlation amount differing constructs.)
2 . contentsubjective judgments by experts as to the appropriateness of the measurement
3 . concurrentcorrelati ng two different measurements of the same marketing phenomenon administered at the same point in time
4 . predictivethe ability of a measured marketing phenomenon at one point in time to predict another marketing phenomenon at a future point
The three main methods of estimating reliability are:
1 . test-retestrepeated measurement of the same person or group using the same scaling device under conditions judged to be similar
2 . alternative-formsgiving the subject two forms judged equivalent, but not identical
3 . split-halfdividing a multi-item measurement device into equivalent groups and correlating the item responses
Answer to Question 2
primary sampling unit (PSU)
Estimating cicada population size and predation rates by birds.
Research Methods
Three Methods of Mining Coal
Methods for Parenteral Administration of Drugs
contraception methods
Some of the most commonly used radiometric dating methods