Answer to Question 1
The belief that all races are created equally, that racial equality has been achieved, and that minorities who do not succeed have only themselves to blame.
Answer to Question 2
Scapegoating occurs when people or groups who are blocked in their own goal attainment blame others for their failures. An example might be a white non-Hispanic man blaming his unemployment on the influx of immigrants from Mexico, stating that the illegal immigrants are taking all the jobs.