Answer to Question 1
In the 1970s, the government tried to alleviate the problem of some elderly having little or no income from personal retirement pensions by passing legislation that requires employers with more than 10 employees to offer their workers a pension plan. This legislation also regulated the vesting of pensions. Federal legislation now requires that pensions be vested in the employee after five years of employment.
Answer to Question 2
There are a number of reasons why economic exploitation of children exists. For one thing, poverty forces families to exploit their children to survive. For another, factory owners find children an easy and profitable group to exploit. Children are much more vulnerable than adults and far less likely to protest their conditions successfully. With the intense competition in the world economy, some employers find it impossible to resist the temptation to exploit children. A third reason why child workers are exploited is that the public is often indifferent to the issue or, in some nations, believes that child labor among the poor is just the way things are.
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