Summarize Freud's view of levels of consciousness. What will ...

[WWatsford]

Summarize Freud's view of levels of consciousness.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?
 
  a. A mother picks up her infant when he cries, which then stops his crying, thereby reducing the mother's levelof annoyance.
 b. A father picks up his infant when she cries, thereby increasing the likelihood that she will cry to be picked up again in the future.
  c. A grandmother gives her granddaughter a time out when she misbehaves, thereby leading thegranddaughter to calm down.
 d. A grandfather gives his grandson 10 for every A on his report card, thereby strengthening his grandson'sstudy habits.
 e. A caregiver removes a child from the block play center when he is throwing blocks, thereby causing himto cry.

[mbcrismon]

Answer to Question 1

Freud believed that consciousness was divided into three levels. The conscious is the part that is in current awareness, the immediate here and now. It represents a relatively small component of consciousness. The preconscious contains information that we know and that can be retrieved voluntarily into the conscious. The unconscious represents the majority of consciousness. It contains primitive instincts and troubling emotional experiences. It is extremely difficult to bring this material into conscious awareness. Perhaps the central tenet in Freud's theory is that the unconscious plays a major role in influencing what we do.

Answer to Question 2

a

[WWatsford]

TYSM

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