Answer to Question 1
Organizational change requires motivation, commitment and involvement on the part of organizational employees. Oftentimes, employees remain silent because they feel that speaking out involves considerable personal risk and may lead to negative consequences. If the organization wants the change process to be effective, it must create conditions that allow for a safe dialogue. Key in creating
psychological safety is the reduction of power distance in the organization. This can be accomplished through delayering, decentralization, egalitarianism, third-party facilitation, representation and teamwork.
Answer to Question 2
Decentralizing pushes decision making down to lower levels and can occur separately or be combined with delayering. By granting lower-level managers the autonomy to make decisions, those managers have the opportunity to involve their direct staff in diagnosis, thus eliminating hierarchical levels that more typically exist between workers and managers.
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