Answer to Question 1
Organizational isomorphism is the process by which organizations in a population become more alike or similar. The three types of organizational isomorphisms are:
1. Coercive isomorphism: Isomorphism is said to be coercive when an organization adopts certain kinds of values and norms because it is pressured to by other organizations or by society in general.
2. Mimetic isomorphism: Isomorphism is mimetic when organizations intentionally imitate and copy one another to increase their legitimacy. A new organization is especially likely to imitate the structure and processes of successful organizations when the environment is highly uncertain and so it needs to search for a structure, strategy, culture, and technology that will increase its chance of survival.
3. Normative isomorphism: Isomorphism is normative when organizations come to resemble one another over time because they indirectly adopt the norms and values of other organizations in the environment. Organizations indirectly acquire specific sets of values and norms through membership in industry, trade, and professional associations. Through meetings, personal contacts, and publications, these associations promote specific ideas and norms to their members. Because of this indirect influence, organizations within an industry come to develop a similar view of the world.
Answer to Question 2
TRUE
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