A nurse is working with a client in a drug rehabilitation center. ...

[meagbuch]

A nurse is working with a client in a drug rehabilitation center. The nurse provides positive reinforcement each time the client demonstrates behavior that moves him closer to accomplishing the goal of remaining drug free.
 
  The nurse recognizes this type of reinforcement will motivate the client to engage in the desired behavior. This type of reinforcement is known as
 
  a. empowerment.
  b. chaining.
  c. modeling.
  d. shaping.

Question 2

A theoretical foundation for the use of teaching methodologies in which a learner-centered approach engages clients as active partners in the learning process and helps them to take responsibility
 
  for their own learning to whatever extent possible is known as
 
  a. Skinner's behavioral approach.
  b. Premack's principle.
  c. modeling.
  d. client-centered health teaching.

[dantucker]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
Shaping refers to the reinforcement of successive approximations of the target behavior. The long-term goal is broken down into smaller steps. The person is reinforced for any behavior that gets him or her closer to accomplishing the desired behavior. Rewarding specific behaviors that move the person in the direction of the desired behavior (successive approximations) motivates the person to engage in the desired behavior. Steps build one upon the other, moving learners from the familiar to the unfamiliar as they progress toward meeting treatment goals.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: D
Carl Rogers' (1983) ideas provide a theoretical foundation for the use of teaching methodologies in client-centered health teaching. Rogers emphasizes the primacy of the teacher-learner relationship as the means through which learning occurs. He describes learner-centered teaching as an interactive process. Applied to health care, a learner-centered approach involves engaging clients as active partners in the learning process and helping them take responsibility for their own learning to whatever extent possible. Rogers insists that the teacher must start where the learner is, structuring the learning process to support the learner's natural desire to learn and being mindful of learner characteristics that enable or impede the process.