Answer to Question 1
C
Hersey and Blanchard's (1993) situational leadership framework is based upon four stages of behavior
through which leaders can move back and forth as they determine which style they need to use to
promote staff development. These stages are directing, coaching, supporting, and delegating (not
collaborating).
Answer to Question 2
B
Peter Senge's (1990) seminal work, The Fifth Discipline, discussed the concept that learning
organizations promote professional practice through the encouragement of personal mastery (beyond
our competence and skills to an ongoing expansion of our current knowledge), awareness of our
mental models (mental models influence how we take action and consist of deeply ingrained
assumptions, generalizations, and biases), and team learning (a workgroup's ability to align and
develop their talents to attain a shared goal or vision). W. Edwards Deming and Philip B. Crosby are
best known for their contributions to the continuous quality movement. Florence Nightingale was one
of the pioneers of nursing practice, and she promoted the link between unsanitary conditions and
adverse patient outcomes.
In the communication technique of collaborating, the nurse sends the message that the nurse and pati
A nurse prepares a client for anesthesia and surgery.
nurse
NURSE CARING BEHAVIORS AS
Responsibilities of the nurse manager
Nurse palpating the patient's brachial artery