Answer to Question 1
C
Hersey and Blanchard's (1993) situational leadership framework is based upon four stages of behavior
through which leaders can move back and forth as they determine which style they need to use to
promote staff development. These stages are directing, coaching, supporting, and delegating (not
collaborating).
Answer to Question 2
B
Peter Senge's (1990) seminal work, The Fifth Discipline, discussed the concept that learning
organizations promote professional practice through the encouragement of personal mastery (beyond
our competence and skills to an ongoing expansion of our current knowledge), awareness of our
mental models (mental models influence how we take action and consist of deeply ingrained
assumptions, generalizations, and biases), and team learning (a workgroup's ability to align and
develop their talents to attain a shared goal or vision). W. Edwards Deming and Philip B. Crosby are
best known for their contributions to the continuous quality movement. Florence Nightingale was one
of the pioneers of nursing practice, and she promoted the link between unsanitary conditions and
adverse patient outcomes.
When using an interpreter, the nurse should pose questions directly to the patient, not the interpre
The nurse applies a pulse oximeter sensor on the client’s finger.
Nurse collaboration
Nurse opens sterile package
Nurse's hand over patients abdomen
Nurse using a stethoscope