How are threats to validity affected when studies are conducted ...

[cagreen833]

How are threats to validity affected when studies are conducted in laboratory settings?
 
  a. Threats to both internal and external validity are increased.
  b. Threats to both internal and external validity are decreased.
  c. Threats to internal validity are decreased, whereas threats to external validity are increased.
  d. Threats to internal validity are increased, whereas threats to external validity are decreased.

Question 2

A study was conducted to determine if videotaped instruction was more effective than written instruction (a pamphlet) to teach menopausal women the benefits of regular mammograms. Which condition would be considered an antecedent variable?
 
  a. There were 38 subjects in the pamphlet group and 34 subjects in the videotape group.
  b. During the study, 50 of the videotape group received flu shots, whereas 25 of those in the pamphlet group received flu shots.
  c. Four members of the pamphlet group had mothers who had been diagnosed with breast cancer, but no members of the videotape group had mothers who had been diagnosed with breast cancer.
  d. While participating in the study, five members of the videotape group began performing breast self-examination (BSE), while two members of the pamphlet group began performing BSE.

[TheNamesImani]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C

Feedback
A Studies conducted in laboratory settings have fewer threats to internal validity.
B Studies conducted in laboratory settings have more threats to external validity.
C Studies conducted in laboratory settings have fewer threats to internal validity (control issues) and more threats to external validity (generalizability to other populations).
D Studies conducted in laboratory settings have fewer threats to internal validity and more threats to external validity.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C

Feedback
A The sample size is a factor occurring during the study, not before it.
B Because influenza immunization occurred during the study, it is not an antecedent variable.
C An antecedent variable is something that occurred before the study but can affect the outcome and confound results.
D Because BSE occurred during the study, it is not an antecedent variable.

[cagreen833]

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