How are threats to validity affected when studies are conducted in laboratory settings?
a. Threats to both internal and external validity are increased.
b. Threats to both internal and external validity are decreased.
c. Threats to internal validity are decreased, whereas threats to external validity are increased.
d. Threats to internal validity are increased, whereas threats to external validity are decreased.
Question 2
A study was conducted to determine if videotaped instruction was more effective than written instruction (a pamphlet) to teach menopausal women the benefits of regular mammograms. Which condition would be considered an antecedent variable?
a. There were 38 subjects in the pamphlet group and 34 subjects in the videotape group.
b. During the study, 50 of the videotape group received flu shots, whereas 25 of those in the pamphlet group received flu shots.
c. Four members of the pamphlet group had mothers who had been diagnosed with breast cancer, but no members of the videotape group had mothers who had been diagnosed with breast cancer.
d. While participating in the study, five members of the videotape group began performing breast self-examination (BSE), while two members of the pamphlet group began performing BSE.
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