Although violence seems endemic in human society, which of the ...

[pragya sharda]

Although violence seems endemic in human society, which of the following causative factors could be reduced if society agreed action was necessary? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Access to firearms
  b. Alcohol and other drug abuse
  c. Dysfunctional families with lack of emotional support
  d. Intolerance of those with a different religious ideology
  e. Media video games, television shows, and movies
  f.
  Pacifism as a belief system

Question 2

Which of the following scenarios involves a student who may be susceptible to problems secondary to substance dependence? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. As soon as the student stepped outside the classroom, she lit a cigarette and inhaled deeply.
  b. The athlete was very proud of all the medals he had won in wrestling, even if he was worried about managing his anger outside of the gym.
  c. The car proceeded into the college parking lot, slowed, and stopped; the driver leaned out and vomited onto the street, then shut the door and proceeded into a parking space.
  d. The student had a splitting headache so took two aspirins out of the care package his mom had sent him over the holidays.
  e. The students met each night in a dorm room and proceeded to share several herbal cigarettes.
  f.
  The young woman in the student cafeteria ordered a third large cup of coffee and, hands shaking, continued to study for her examination.

[soda0602]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A, B, C, D, E
Pacifism is a belief in peaceful resolution of conflicts and refusal to participate in war. All other factors are universally recognized factors that contribute to violence. These factors are poverty, unemployment, economic dependency; polydrug and alcohol abuse; dysfunctional family and/or social environment and lack of emotional support; media influence (e.g., violent video games, television shows, and movies); access to firearms; political and/or religious ideology; and intolerance and ignorance.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A, B, C, E, F
Use of steroids may have influenced a generation of teenaged athletes to put themselves at risk. Evidence also points at behavioral changes among those using steroids leading to an increased potential for suicide and aggressive and risky behaviors among steroid users (the athlete who is worried about managing his anger). Substance dependence is defined as three (or more) of the following criteria being exhibited anytime within the same 12-month period: (1) Tolerance, either a need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve the desired effect, or a diminished effect with use of the same amount; (2) Withdrawal, either the characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance or the substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal (the young woman who is shaking while drinking coffee); (3) The substance is taken in larger amounts or over a longer period than planned; (4) There is a desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control usage; (5) Much time is spent obtaining, using, or recovering from use of the substance; (6) Involvement in important activities are decreased (students meeting in a dorm room each night to share herbal cigarettes); (7) Continual use despite knowledge of having a persistent or recurrent physical or psychological problem caused or exacerbated by the substance (the student smoking a cigarette immediately after leaving class, despite knowing the dangers of tobacco, and the driver vomiting into the street). Taking two aspirin out of a care package would not indicate that the student is susceptible to substance abuse problems.