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Vaccines prevent between 2.5 and 4 million deaths every year.
In Eastern Europe and Russia, interferon is administered intranasally in varied doses for the common cold and influenza. It is claimed that this treatment can lower the risk of infection by as much as 60–70%.
IgA antibodies protect body surfaces exposed to outside foreign substances. IgG antibodies are found in all body fluids. IgM antibodies are the first type of antibody made in response to an infection. IgE antibody levels are often high in people with allergies. IgD antibodies are found in tissues lining the abdomen and chest.
In ancient Rome, many of the richer people in the population had lead-induced gout. The reason for this is unclear. Lead poisoning has also been linked to madness.
Increased intake of vitamin D has been shown to reduce fractures up to 25% in older people.
![The wolf spider, Lycosa godeffroyi, is common in many areas of Australia. In this family of spiders,](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_27605_22_04_12_6_41_34.jpeg)
![Pseudostigmatidae is a family of tropical damselflies, known as helicopter damselflies, giant damsel](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_12359_26_04_12_10_00_03.jpeg)