Answer to Question 1
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Answer to Question 2
Teachers use two kinds of assessment to measure their students' progress toward the achievement of the state standards: ongoing and on demand.
Ongoing assessment makes heavy use of systematic observation and the collection of samples of children's work. Teachers can observe and then write anecdotal notes, document vignettes, and use checklists to record data.
On-demand or standardized assessments use carefully scripted procedures so that the conditions and directions are always the same whenever the test is administered. Each student taking the test hears the same directions, is given the same test items, and has the same amount of time. This standardization helps to increase the reliability of the assessment.
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