Author Question: Which are (is a) potential result(s) of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension? a. Carotid ... (Read 49 times)

silviawilliams41 · **on:** Jul 11, 2018

Which are (is a) potential result(s) of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension?

a. Carotid stenosis
b. Diabetes mellitus
c. Renal insufficiency
d. Coronary artery disease
e. Isolated systolic hypertension
f. Familial hypercholesterolemi a

Question 2

The nurse assigns the diagnosis of Nutrition Imbalance: less than body requirements for an older adult. Which age-associated intestinal problem does the nurse apply to plan goals and interventions to improve this adult's nutritional status?

a. Less intrinsic factor secretion
b. Short, broad small intestinal villi
c. Decreased gastric smooth muscle
d. Decreased large intestinal motility

scrocafella · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 11, 2018

Answer to Question 1

A, C, D

a. Correct. Carotid stenosis refers to occlusion of the carotid artery from atherosclerotic pla-que and can result from chronic hypertension. Older adults with carotid stenosis are at high risk for strokes owing to the risk of a thromboembolic event from the plaque.
b. Incorrect. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is not a result of end-organ damage from chronic hypertension; however, when it accompanies hypertension, DM accelerates the process of end-organ damage and greatly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
c. Correct. Renal dysfunction can occur as a result of chronic hypertension as the intimal lin-ing of the renal arteries is damaged over time. This leads to renal artery stenosis and de-creased renal perfusion.
d. Correct. Coronary artery disease is a common result of chronic hypertension.
e. Incorrect. Isolated systolic hypertension is a common consequence of aging but not a result of end-organ damage.
f. Incorrect. Familial hypercholesterolemi a is determined by genetic factors and cannot be caused by end-organ damage.

Answer to Question 2

B

Feedback
A Incorrect. Decreased intrinsic factor secretion leads to pernicious anemia due to inability to absorb vitamin B12 in the stomach.
B Correct. Villi of the small intestine shorten and widen with age and, as a result, become less functional. This contributes to malabsorption of nutrients despite a healthy diet because nutrients are absorbed primarily in the small intestines. The concept of malabsorption is what the nurse uses to plan care, because this nurs-ing diagnosis refers to inability of the body to absorb nutrients due to biological factors.
C Incorrect. Gastric smooth muscle is not present in the intestines.
D Incorrect. Decreased large intestine motility is an age-associated problem; how-ever, this should have no impact on absorption in the small intestine.