Answer to Question 1
B
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A Incorrect. Glaucoma, a disease marked by increased pressure within the eye that potentially leads to optic nerve damage, is the most common cause of blindness after age 65
B Correct. Presbyopia, a gradual decline in the flexibility of the lens, makes close-up focusing more difficult and is a common age-related change, but not a disease.
C Incorrect. A cataract is a disease marked by clouding and blurring of the lens.
D Incorrect. Macular degeneration is a disease characterized by damage to the central part of the retina that leaves the outer edges of the visual field intact.
Answer to Question 2
C
As OA progresses, the joint deteriorates and can become unstable, thereby increasing the risk of falls. The joint stability will not improve without physical therapy or surgery; therefore the patient needs to report instability to the health care provider. Although ibuprofen is much less likely to cause dizziness, hypotension, or sedation, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents such as ibuprofen are poor analgesic choices for older adults; they can aggravate hypertension and impair renal blood flow. The nurse avoids recommending increased rest because rest contributes to stiffness. Stretching is an important form of exercise for older adults with OA; it helps maintain joint flexibility and range of motion.
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