Answer to Question 1
Answer: These include overweight and obesity, chronic diseases, medications use, STIs, vaccinations, genetic disorders, and the use of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol and illegal drugs.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: Most other countries have national health care which alleviates costs to individual parents. The U.S. is one of the only countries that has no national law requiring paid leave for new parents, and only 50 of companies guarantee paid leave. Parents in the U.S. may spend less time with their newborns and many suffer loss of income during their leave. In addition, other countries also assist with paternity leave and subsidies for childcare.