Answer to Question 1
The research on adolescent smoking is difficult because adolescents spans the ages of 12 to 17 years. The younger adolescents are different in physical, psychological, and others ways from the older ones. The younger adolescents were quite unlikely to smoke anything at all. So categorizing all adolescents together may distort the results.
In addition, the definition of what it means to smoke is hard. If an adolescent had had even a puff of a cigarette, it was considered smoking and would be categorized (for some data analysis) the same way as a pack-a-day smoker. Most of the infrequent smokers had less than one cigarette when the smoked.
Depending on how you define adolescents and how you categorize then, and depending on how you define smoking can lead to different pictures of who smokes and how much.
Answer to Question 2
a. a social psychologist could study how interactions with others influence happiness
b. a psychometrician would try to figure out ways to define and measure happiness
c. a neuroscientist could study what areas of the brain are involved in feelings of happiness
d. a developmental psychologist could monitor patterns of happiness through the lifespan
e. a clinical could investigate how people with emotional disturbances regain feelings of happiness.
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