Answer to Question 1
Fracking is slang for hydraulic fracturing. Fracking begins with the injection of water, sand, and chemicals into seams of oil-bearing shale, followed by a small controlled explosion that allows the oil to be pumped out. Fracking has allowed the United States to be energy independent, and driven oil exporting countries into financial stress. If other countries can utilize fracking, a different pattern of fossil fuel winners emerge.
Answer to Question 2
D