Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
PEM has adverse effects on respiratory musculature and the immune response. PEM may be ei-ther primary or secondary. Primary PEM results from inadequate intake of calories and/or protein and is typically seen only in developing countries. Secondary PEM is due to underlying illness. Illness may cause (1) decreased caloric or protein intake (e.g., anorexia, dysphagia); (2) increased nutrient losses (e.g., malabsorption or diarrhea); and/or (3) increased nutrient demands (e.g., in-jury or infection). As many as 50 of hospital patients may have secondary PEM.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
Carbohydrates have an RQ of 1.0, protein has an RQ of 0.82, and fat has an RQ of 0.7.
Primary production is positively correlated with the evapotranspiration rate.
Primary production increases with an increase in total phosphorus concentration.
Overview of protein structure and function
Worldwide Use of Nuclear Energy
Reactions 6–10: The Energy Generation Phase
Energy In, Energy Out