What establishes the capillary colloidal osmotic pressure? a. ...

[faduma]

What establishes the capillary colloidal osmotic pressure?
 
  a. Presence of electrolytes in plasma
  b. Presence of plasma proteins in blood
  c. Presence of RBCs in whole blood
  d. Presence of WBCs in whole blood

Question 2

Patients with what condition are prone to evaporative water loss through the lungs? 1. Artificial airways 2. Hypothermia 3. Increased ventilation
 
  a. 1 and 2 only
  b. 1 and 3 only
  c. 2 and 3 only
  d. 1, 2, and 3

[micaelaswann]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
Proteins such as albumin are too large to pass through the pores of the capillary. Instead, these proteins remain in the intravascular compartment and exert osmotic pressure, which draws water and small solute molecules back into the capillaries. This plasma colloid osmotic pressure is also sometimes called oncotic pressure. Because these large proteins are negatively charged, they at-tract (but do not bind) an equivalent amount of cations to the intravascular compartment. These cations have the effect of increasing osmotic pressure within the capillary (Donnan effect).

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
Patients with increased ventilation also have increased water losses through increased evapora-tion from the respiratory tract. Patients with artificial airways are prone to evaporative water loss if inspired air is not adequately humidified. Artificial airways bypass the normal heat and water exchange processes of the nose.