Hyponatremia can lead to which of the following problems? 1. ...

[Yi-Chen]

Hyponatremia can lead to which of the following problems? 1. Impaired cognitive function 2. Negative effects on gait stability 3. Renal insufficiency 4. Cerebral edema
 
  a. 1 and 3 only
  b. 2 and 3 only
  c. 1, 2, and 4 only
  d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 2

Pick the statement that best describes the relationship between infants and their body fluids.
 
  a. Fluid loss or lack of intake depletes infants of water slower than it does adults.
  b. Infants have proportionately less body water than do adults.
  c. Infants' higher metabolic rates necessitate greater urinary excretion compared with adults.
  d. Under normal circumstances, infants' water loses are three times those of adults.

[kbennett34]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Once considered to be benign, mild hyponatremia has been shown in recent studies to have a sig-nificant impact on a patient's cognitive function as well as his or her gait stability, it is thought to be a contributing factor in falls. Hyponatremia can lead to cerebral edema due to a change in os-motic pressure.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
Infants have a greater proportion of body water than do adults, particularly in the extracellular compartments (Table 13-3). Water loss in infants may be twice that of adults. Infants also have a greater body surface area (in proportion to body volume) than adults, making their basal heat production twice as high. Higher metabolic rates in infants necessitate greater urinary excretion. Infants turn over approximately half of their extracellular fluid volume daily; adults turn over ap-proximately one-seventh. Fluid loss or lack of intake can rapidly deplete an infant of water.

[Yi-Chen]

Excellent

[Bigfoot1984]

TYSM