In individuals with disorders characterized by an increased ...

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In individuals with disorders characterized by an increased frictional work of breathing, such as emphysema, which of the following breathing patterns results in the minimum work?
 
  a. Rapid and deep breathing
  b. Rapid and shallow breathing
  c. Slow and deep breathing
  d. Slow and shallow breathing

Question 2

On inspecting a volume-pressure curve for a patient with restrictive lung disease, which of the following abnormalities would you expect to find?
 
  1. Decrease in the slope of the volume-pressure curve
  2. Increase in the area of the volume-pressure curve
  3. Positive Ppl during exhalation
  a. 2 only
  b. 1, 2, and 3
  c. 1 and 2 only
  d. 1 and 3 only

[zogaridan]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
Breathing slowly and using pursed-lip breathing during exhalation minimize airway resistance and thus work of breathing in patients with emphysema.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: C
In restrictive lung disease, the area of the volume-pressure curve is greater because the slope of the static component (compliance) is less than normal.