When instructing patients on the use of a volume-displacement ...

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When instructing patients on the use of a volume-displacement incentive spirometer, the respira-tory therapist should inform the patients to do which of the following?
 
  a. Inhale deeply and hold for 3 to 5 seconds.
  b. Exhale as fast as possible into the mouth-piece.
  c. Inhale and exhale rapidly through the mouthpiece.
  d. Perform 30 sustained maximum inspira-tions every 15 minutes.

Question 2

Untreated atelectasis can result in which of the following? 1. Decreased shunting 2. Increased shunting 3. Hypercapnia 4. Hypocapnia
 
  a. 1 and 3 c. 1 and 4
  b. 2 and 3 d. 2 and 4

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: A
After patients have achieved the maximum volume, they should be instructed to hold this volume constant for 3 to 5 seconds. The other choices are not techniques for use with incentive spirome-try.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
If atelectasis goes untreated, it can lead to pulmonary shunting, hypoxemia, hypercapnia, and ul-timately respiratory failure.